Chapter 2 : The Internet

The Internet - worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses,
                           government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals.

1. The Evolution Of Internet

• The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals:

              i.  Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information
                   and work  together.
              ii.  Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by
                    a disaster.

 How To Connect to The Internet ?

Wired	Wireless
Computer or device physically attaches via a cable or wire to a communications device. Example : - Cable Internet Service - Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) - Fiber To The Premises (FTTP)	Computers without a communications device can use a wireless modem such as : - Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) - Mobile Broadband - Fixed wireless - Satellite Internet Service

Source to get the Internet

             

1. Cybercafe	-  Provides internet access as a fee.
2. Hot spot	– Wireless network provide Internet for computer and mobile device.
3. Internet Service Provider	- A business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee.

 How To Access The Internet ?

 

• To access the internet we must know this term :      

·       IP address - sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies each

computer or device connected to the Internet

·       Domain name - text-based name that corresponds to the IP address

·       DNS server - translates the domain name into its associated IP address

2. The Web

•       The World Wide Web (WWW), or web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (webpages)

•       A website is a collection of related webpages and associated items

•       A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer

Part of webpages :

Parts	Function
Browser	- An application that enables to access and view webpages on a computer or mobile device.
Home page	- The first page that a website displays
Desktop browsers	- Typically support tabbed browsing
Web address or URL ( refer to picture 1)	- a unique address at webpage.

Parts of Web Server :  

Parts	Function
Web app	- An application stored on a web server that you access through a browser.
Web app hosts	- Provide storage for users’ data and information on their servers, known as cloud storage

3. Various Types Of Websites

Websites consists of 13 types :-

Types	Example
Online social network	- Facebook , Instagram , Twitter
Informational	- Wikipedia
Media sharing and bookmarking sites
News, weather, sports, and other mass media	- BH News Online ,
Educational	- Youtube
Business, Governmental, and Organizational
Blogs
Wikis
Health and Science
Entertainment	- Youtube
Financial	- Online Banking
Travel and Mapping	- Google Maps , Waze
Shopping and Auctions	- Zalora.com , Shoppe , Lazada
Portals	- University Portals

Media on Web

Multimedia refers to any application that combines text with :

- Graphics	- Digital representation of non-text information include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF
- Animation	- The appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence
- Audio	- Includes music, speech, or any other sound
- Video	- Images displayed in motion
- Virtual Reality	- The use of computers to simulate a real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional space

4. Other Service That Available On The Internet

Service	Function
Email	- The transmission of messages and files via a computer network - Allows you to create, send, receive, forward, store, print, and delete email messages
Instant messaging (IM)	- A real-time Internet communications service
Chat	- Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer or mobile device
Chat room	- Website or application that permits users to chat with others who are online at the same time
Discussion forum	- An online area in which users have written discussions
VoIP (Voice over IP)	- Enables users to speak to other users over the Internet (viber, whatapp, skype)
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)	- An Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading to or from other computers on the Internet

5. Netiqque

•       The code of acceptable Internet behavior

1. The Emoticon - to express feelings

2. The Acronyms – To shorter the words , e.g. TYVM , NTMY

3. Code that usually use in game or ending to a movie program.